Eric Greene – Page 44

Oaks produce acorns each year in the fall, but the size of the crop varies greatly depending on a number of factors. Oaks do not bear fruit every year, and some acorns take up to 18 months to mature. Oak trees produce acorns roughly once every two years. They may produce a small number during the interim between bountiful seasons, but these are negligible in number. An oak tree does not produce acorns throughout its entire life, and acorn production often ceases after 50 years. If you have oak trees in your area, you know that their annual acorn crop can be highly unpredictable. If there are oak trees in your area, you may have noticed that in some years the ground is covered with acorns, and in some years there are almost none. Red oaks only lose their mature acorns each fall; unless driven away by storms or animals, the immature ones will persist through the winter and into the next growing season. Each fall, the trees in the Red Oak group have small immature acorns from the current year and mature acorns from the previous year. As mentioned above, trees in the White Oak family can produce mature acorns in as little as 3 months. However, it may be 20 to 30 years before most trees in this family begin to bear fruit. Acorn Production Across Oak Tree Types As a general rule, when a tree from a white oak species is producing well, all potential acorn producing trees in that white oak population will also tend to produce well. Some species of oak are naturally better at producing acorns than others, and these different species tend to produce good crops of acorns in different years. Some types of oak produce better than others; even so, some trees of the same species do better than other trees of the same species. Be aware that many of the good producers in the red oak group can only be overlooked for one year, as individual trees of these species may not all produce a good acorn crop in the same year. Flowering means that trees like red oak can also produce acorns every year if conditions are favorable for fruit set year after year. Oaks in the area and climate can be considered an incredible crop, meaning that they produce a particularly large number of acorns. Oaks and many other types of trees sometimes produce huge crops of seeds. As a rule, large harvests of acorns for live oaks occur every two to five years. A single giant oak tree can produce about 10,000 acorns in a single breeding season. An oak tree doesn't start producing acorns until about 50 years old, and over its lifetime, it will produce about 10 million acorns. It takes years for a young oak tree to grow and mature enough to start producing acorns. A tree must be at least 70 years old to produce thousands of acorns in the fall. Factors Affecting Acorn Production Changes in temperature and day length affect the number of acorns produced by one tree, as do other variables. Annual rainfall and temperature fluctuations are much less than the size of the acorn crop. The oak trees put so much energy into this incredible acorn crop that they have little energy left to continue producing for years to come. Trees will bear little or no fruit next year due to the abundance of energy needed to produce last year's bountiful harvest. So in the year of the tree, the overflowing harvest will not only feed the creatures of the forest and ensure that some of the remaining seeds will grow into future oak trees. During these years, the oaks flood the ecosystem and produce too many acorns for the local fauna to eat, which means more will have a chance to grow seedlings in the spring. A mild winter can often mean more acorns, as white and red oaks are able to produce more when they start seeding in the spring. Typically, trees stop shedding acorns when all the ripe nuts have fallen off, which usually occurs in late fall or early winter. As you collected seeds this year, you may have noticed that acorns are hard to come by. Whatever the reason, our local fruit eaters are fed incredible acorns, and who knows, some of the seeds may even survive to breed the next generation of mighty oaks, the most unique and oldest in our forests symbol of. Acorns Throughout the Lifespan of an Oak Tree Some oak species may produce their first crop after about 20 years of their life, and then produce no acorns at all for the next two or three seasons. A 2003 study at the Archbold Biological Station in Venus, Florida found that oak acorn yields of five oak species are primarily determined by the timing of rainfall and other weather factors at various breeding stages in the years leading up to major breeding events. When thinning, maintain a mixture of oak varieties to minimize the impact of large annual fluctuations in acorn yields of the same variety. Complete thinning of this area is generally not a good way to increase acorn production on a single tree, as up to about 20 high-quality seed producers per acre may occur even in predominantly oak stands. If observation is not practical, estimate the ability of individual trees to produce acorns by examining one year's good to excellent acorn yield for one or more of the major species present. If five or more years is not practical, you can get a rough estimate of the ability of individual trees to produce acorns by looking at trees in just one year of good acorn production. If an oak tree wants to increase the chances of its seeds surviving, overproduction is a smart strategy so that there are more acorns than squirrels can eat. According to Kim Koder, a professor of tree biology and health at the University of Georgia's Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, oak and acorn production is time dependent. Although adverse environmental factors for acorn production, such as late spring frosts and summer drought, tend to obscure inherent production cycles (cycles), new evidence suggests that these cycles occur at intervals of 2, 3, and 4 years for black , white and northern red oak, respectively.